tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33098133267136144252024-03-04T21:42:11.588-08:00Will i'am Vampirewill i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.comBlogger57125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-53578317072455587392013-11-23T22:14:00.001-08:002014-02-04T04:05:00.808-08:00New songs from MC Rhyme<div dir="ltr">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifH4HF9qpyZNOtKegqUsCHOpSvrNVF646LETKcFmmRsFCkKbmVHAYNRAiS0mnKEgRV8TW4UX0aBEptT81sG8F6SabXDk2Qi2Ie2tZMHFkOv8OpKi38QQDEa84ZaHrvZnhpJUMuLqi7BqGa/s1600/1501711_10201270825520968_45256340_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifH4HF9qpyZNOtKegqUsCHOpSvrNVF646LETKcFmmRsFCkKbmVHAYNRAiS0mnKEgRV8TW4UX0aBEptT81sG8F6SabXDk2Qi2Ie2tZMHFkOv8OpKi38QQDEa84ZaHrvZnhpJUMuLqi7BqGa/s1600/1501711_10201270825520968_45256340_n.jpg" height="320" width="302" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGJGHgDB3g4hJknF1416ZjBKorwtCui8-MnMI_rcfYL1Rh5qa_FaioAFuvF9nbpPBybPjGae0V_oKuYu0wLmA-UQb4fa918E0dR2wj47dfINmlXI6HzggTgQL7Wejfm0fdqME7nxa3NmVS/s1600/1472849_10201270829161059_896664962_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGJGHgDB3g4hJknF1416ZjBKorwtCui8-MnMI_rcfYL1Rh5qa_FaioAFuvF9nbpPBybPjGae0V_oKuYu0wLmA-UQb4fa918E0dR2wj47dfINmlXI6HzggTgQL7Wejfm0fdqME7nxa3NmVS/s1600/1472849_10201270829161059_896664962_n.jpg" height="200" width="200" /></a></div>
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Mc Rhyme kali ini mengeluarkan Album terbarunya yang berbau Rohani yang di arasemen ulang dari lagu2 yang sering di nyanyikan di greja-greja kristen pada umumnya yang berjudul :</div>
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1. <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/listen/zjg2act0y0mp6gf/Track_03.mp3">jalan serta Yesus</a> ,</div>
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2. <a href="https://www.blogger.com/%20http://www.mediafire.com/listen/u1egvpi28sablnk/Track_02.mp3">Yesus kekasih jiwaku</a></div>
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3. <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/listen/kfhddlwwbpp743z/Track_06.mp3">Ku kasihi kau</a></div>
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4. <a href="https://www.blogger.com/%20http://www.mediafire.com/listen/8khgkedrsfnlak8/Track_04.mp3">Hari ini ku rasa bahagia</a></div>
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5. <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/listen/88o7yngq61ps96n/Track_05.mp3">Yesus gunung batu</a></div>
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6. <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/listen/kb1491wuuwg4bm3/Track_07.mp3">Cuip-cuip</a></div>
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7. <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/listen/i3j2sfjv273e89w/Track_09_Bonus.mp3">Malam kudus ( Bonus Track)</a><br />lagu yang mereka bawa dalam irama Hip-Hop ini lumayan menarik perhatian di kalangan anak-anak muda dan orang-orang tua. bagi teman-taman yang tertarik untuk mendengarkannya langsung ajah di download padaJudul lagu yang di inginkan. thx</div>
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Tuhan Yesus Memberkati. AMEN</div>
will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-68687324638600513622013-11-13T07:42:00.001-08:002013-11-13T07:43:44.015-08:00Memblokir no hp penipuan.<p dir=ltr>Okey guys kali ini mgkn sya akn sedikit memberi informasi g agak dikit menarik untuk kita smua smoga ajah informasi ini dapat sedikit berguna.... okey dweh langsg ajah tanpa basa basi...</p>
<p dir=ltr>CARA BLOKIR NO HP PENIPUAN Seringkali kita mendapat SMS penipuan yang menyatakanAnda menjadi pemenang Kuis, SMS yang pura-pura nyasar tentang transfer uang, mama genit minta pulsa, agen pulsa super murah, dst.Jangan kita biarkan, saat ini ada cara untuk menanggulanginya:1.TELKOMSELFormat SMS: penipuan#nomor penipu#isiSMS tipuandan kirim ke 1166Contoh : Penipuan#081212 ­ ­3456#Selamat Anda mendapatkan 1 unit Mobil Avanza dari telkomsel poin…….dstLalu kirim ke 11662. XL:Format SMS: Lapor#Nomor yang digunakanuntuk menipu#Kasus yangdikeluhkan, kirim ke 588.3. INDOSATFormat SMS: SMS(spasi)Nomor ­ ­ PengirimSMS penipuan(spasi)isi SMS Penipuan, kirim ke 726Jika sudah lebih dari 2 orang yang melaporkan SMS penipuan, maka nomor tersebut segera diblokirsecara permanen oleh operator.Layanan ini GRATIS.</p>
will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-8340666947050443732013-05-02T04:44:00.001-07:002013-05-02T04:44:40.808-07:00MICROWORM PAKAN BURAYAK IKAN HIASokey guys udah lama gak ngeblog neh.. jjadi malas basa - basi...2thepoint ajah.... soalx keyboardx gak bagus untuk ketik neh.....<br />
kali ini saya ingin menawarkan kepada teman2 yang hobby dengan ternak ikan hias seperti cupang, guppy, molly a/ lain2 lah...<br />
yang saya tawarkan kali ini makanan untuk burayak ikan hias yang baru netas a/ yang berumur 3 harianlah... karena pada saat itu adalah masa kritis untuk burayak ikan agar bisa bertahan hidup... makanan alami yang saya tawarkan yaitu starter MW (microworm).<br />
ap itu MW? klo mw tau detailx cari ajah d google udah banyak tersedia informasinya kok.. tp untuk lebih pasti n singkatx, MW adalah pakan alami burayak ikan yg berumur 3hari - 10hr... krna bentuk makananx seperti cacing yang berukuran micro (tp bisa kok dilihat dengn mata telanjang) sehingga dapat menarik perhatian burayak ikan u/ menyantapx krna ukuranx yang sangt kecil sehingga cocok u/ mulut si burayak.<br />
dan yang paling utama adalah MW ini dapat kita kultur sendiri lagi, cuma dengn sekali pembelian anda bisa mndapatkan pakan MW tidak habis2x...hehehehehehe....<br />
Kandungan nutrisi microworm :<br />- Protein 48%<br />- Lemak 21%<br />- Glikogen 7%<br />- Asam Organik 1%<br />- Air 23%<br />
<br />
<br />
bagi yang berminat bisa hubugi saya di no : 081 935 104050 (sms a/ tlp)<br />
haraga perstarter : Rp20rb bisa nego<br />
lokasi : Kupang NTT<br />
<br />
contoh MW<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiq2mLVQnizE5ttdznMGOeTW1rRL6lcM39nAwJNSGKwVVyhlSx_VxMzyYREyeq47eqrfK0Wj6Poeazc-OYW8NdnRUOyGamoFR6yJAmabZKPUHEPYeiy-TTBUJCwpmLwOi65iCGcAunmbix/s1600/1349157905_377958795_2-Menyediakan-pakan-untuk-ikan-burayak-kecil-dan-ikan-kecil-Tebingtinggi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiq2mLVQnizE5ttdznMGOeTW1rRL6lcM39nAwJNSGKwVVyhlSx_VxMzyYREyeq47eqrfK0Wj6Poeazc-OYW8NdnRUOyGamoFR6yJAmabZKPUHEPYeiy-TTBUJCwpmLwOi65iCGcAunmbix/s320/1349157905_377958795_2-Menyediakan-pakan-untuk-ikan-burayak-kecil-dan-ikan-kecil-Tebingtinggi.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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pakan burayak untuk....<br />
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cupang<br />
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guppy<br />
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molly<br />
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platy<br />
dan ikan yang lainx..<br />
okey seprtix gt ajah deh infox thx before..... :)<br />
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<br />will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-40784815087010446412012-06-24T08:15:00.003-07:002012-06-24T08:15:55.961-07:00TRANSLATION PART 1<div class="MsoNormal">
Interpretation in the translation by an interpreter of what is
saying into another language <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ONLY ORALY.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Translation is the process or activity of transferring idea
or message from language to another <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">AND
IT CAN BE WRITEN AND ORALY.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">THE ROLE OF
TRANSLATION:</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Translation is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the key</b> to open the door of knowledge and translation enable one to
learn or know anything even from ancient time or from any other country.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Translation is an <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">aid to language (teaching method).</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>translation is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">substitute for a language.</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Translation is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">research tools.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Process of translation.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Analyzing the source language text for the
purpose of understanding thee message/idea.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Finding equivalent.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Synthesizing, the semantic representation into
target language text.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Type of translation.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Word-for-word translation</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Free translation/ meaning is more important.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
The translation which translate the meaning
implied in the source language (meaning based translation).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Literal translation/ between word for word and
free translation.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<b>Ex</b>.</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Source
language</div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 332.1pt;" valign="top" width="443"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Target language</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Word
for word</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Literal
translation</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Free translation</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
His heart in
the right place</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Kepunyaan
hati adalah dalam itu benar tempat.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Hatimu
berada di tempat yang benar.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Dia baik
hati</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Dynamic translation/ can be change base on the
text.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<b>Ex.</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
The author has organized this book since
1995. (penulis telah menyusun – BUKAN- mengorganisasi- buku ini sejak tahun
1999).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
Fallng out from the frying pan into the
fire ( sedah jatuh tertimpa tangga).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Pragmatic translation</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Ethic poetic translation.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
This translation is different from
pragmatic translation in that it does not only emphasize the accuracy of the
information but also the effect,emotion,feeling ect. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<b>Ex</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
Im the at the top of your admirers. (saya
sangat mengagumi/ saya adalah pengagum berat mu).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Ethnographic translation.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
This type of translation explicates the
culture context of the source and the target language. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
Ex. Dad, you promised me……… (papa, papa
sudah janji………).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
8.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Linguistic translation.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
This translation is primarily concerned
with equivalent meaning of the constituent morphemes and grammatical forms of
the source and the target language. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<b>Ex</b>.</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Surface
structure</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Deep
structure</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Translation</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Tino is
willing to help</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Tino
is willing to help one</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Tino mw membantu
orang</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Tino is
difficult to help</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Tino
is difficult to help one</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Tino sulit (untuk)
dibantu orang.</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
9.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Communicative translation.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
As a tool communication, translation should
be communicative in the sense that it can convey and communicate message
message and feeling to other people . therefore in the process of translation
important aspect such as source language, target language, culture,
writer/author/speaker,translator and the audience should be considered.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<b>Ex</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
As white as snow (seputih salju).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
To rural people in indonesia (seputih kapas
is more communicative than seputih salju).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
10.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Semantic translation.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
This translation tries to make the
contextual message/meaning of source language as close as possible with the
syntactic and semantic structure of the target language.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<b>Ex.</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
Context A</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
Mr William :
you must not go out this evening (kamu tidak boleh keluar malam ini)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
Harry : yes,dad (ya papa).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
Context B</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
Mr.william :
you must not go out this evening (kamu tidak boleh keluar malam ini)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
Harry : yes, sir (ya, pak bapak).</div>will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-13711647459576423452012-02-19T06:07:00.001-08:002012-02-19T06:07:10.299-08:00Prepare to become English Teacher<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tinus Tamonob (TT)need help to give him the solution :: how to be a good English language <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>teacher at his new job :: because his S1 degree in the English language<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>has not prepared him to be a language teacher.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">What are TT need to do?</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>TT need to make his student active<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and discipline in the class, so for it he must learn about kinds of method.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Direct Method.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The goal teacher used the direct method are to make the student<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>know how to communicate in the target language. In other<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>this successfully, student should learn to think in the target language. Meaning The <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">direct method</span> of teaching foreign languages, sometimes called the <i>natural method</i>, refrains from using the learners' </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_language" title="First language"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">native language</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> and uses only the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_language" title="Target language"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">target language</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">. It’s a good method that TT can use. Why? Because teacher who use the Direct Method believe students need to associate meaning and target language directly. When the teacher introduce a new target language word or phrase, he demonstrates its meaning through the use realia or picture. In fact, the syllabus use the Direct Method is based upon situation. Student practice vocabulary by using new words in complete sentences.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student read aloud.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher point to a part of the map after each sentences is read.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher uses the target language to ask the student if they have questions, the student use the target language to ask their questions.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher answer the student’s questions by drawing on the white/blackboard or given example .</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher corrects grammar error by asking the student to make a choice.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The teacher Ask the question about the students; students ask each other questions.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student fill in the blanks with preposition practiced in the lesson.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Grammar Translation Method.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The goal use the grammar translation method are to fundamental purpose of learning a foreign language is to be able to read literature written in the target language. To do this, student need to learn about the grammar rules and vocabulary of the target language. In addition \, it is believed that studying a foreign language provides students with good mental exercise which help develop her minds. With this method students are taught to translate from one language to another. Often what they translate are reading in the target language about some aspect of the culture of the foreign language community.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student write out the answer to reading comprehension question.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher decides whether an answer is correct or not. If the answer incorrect, the teacher select a different student to sup-ply the correct answer or the teacher herself gives the right answer.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student translate new word.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student are given a grammar rule for the use of direct object with two word verbs.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Students apply a rule to example<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>they are given.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student memorized vocabulary.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher ask student to state grammar rule. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Communicative Approach.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The goal is to have one’s student become communicatively competent. While this has been the stated goal of many of the other methods. In the communicative approach<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the nation of what it takes bto be communicatively competent is much expanded. To do this student need<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>knowledge of the linguistics forms, meaning and functions. When we use it? We use the language to accomplish some function, such as arguing, persuading, or promising.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They need to know many different forms can be use to perform a function and also that a single form can often serve a variety of function. they must also be able to manage the process of negotiating meaning with their interlocutors. Student use the language a great deal through communicative activities such as game, role play, and problem solving tasks.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">In communication, the speaker has a choice of what she/he will say it. If the exercise is tightly controlled so that student can only say something in one way, the speaker has no choice and the exchange, therefore is not communicative. For example, if a students replay to his/her neighbor’s question in the same way as her neighbor replied to someone else’s questions then she has no choice of form and content., and real communication does not occur. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher distributes a handout that has a copy of a sport column from a recent newspaper.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher tells the students to underline the reporter’s prediction and to say which one they think.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher gives the student the direction for the activity in the target language.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student unscramble the sentences of the newspaper article.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student play a language game.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student are asked how they feel about the predictions.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">A students makes an error. The teacher and other student ignore it.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher give each group of students a strip story and a task to perform.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">After he role play is finished the students elicit relevant vocabulary.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">For their homework, they are to listen to a debate on the radio or watch it on television.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Audio Lingual Method.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The audio lingual method , like the direct method we have just examined, has agoal very different from that of the grammar translation method.. teacher want their students to be able to use the target language communicatively. they believe students need to over learnt the target language, to learn to use automatically without stopping to think. Their students achieve this by forming new habits of their native language. New vocabulary and structures are presented through dialogs. The dialogs are learned through imitation and repetition. Students successful responses are positively rain-forced. Grammar is induced from the example given; explicit grammar rules are not provided. Cultural information is contextualized in the dialogs or presented by teacher. Students reading and writing work is based upon the oral work they did earlier. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher introduce a new dialogs</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The language teacher uses only the target language in the class room. Action, picture, or realia are used to give meaning otherwise.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The language teacher introduce the dialogs modeling it two times; she introduce by modeling the correct answers; at other time , he correct mispronunciation by modeling the proper sounds in the target language.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student repeat each line of the new dialogs several times.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student stumble over one of the lines of the dialog. The teacher uses a build-up drill with this line</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher initiates a chain drill in which each student greets another..</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher uses single-slot and multiple-slot substitution drills.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher give a compliment when the student answer correctly. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher uses spoken sues and picture cues..</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">When the can handle it, the teacher poses the questions to them rapidly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>That is about solution of method that TT can use in the class room. To most teachers the phrase ‘classroom discipline’ has an immediate and clear meaning, but it is in fact quite a complex concept, and to define in words. However, in general classroom discipline may refer to the following notions of concept.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">THE CONCEPT OF DISCIPLINE</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">control<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>contract<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>rules</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">agree<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>accept<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>responsibility</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">rewards<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>routine<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>punishment</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">respect<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>smooth<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>behavior</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">norms<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>power<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>authority</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">obey<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>consistent<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>authoritative</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">authorization<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>efficient<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cooperation</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">What teacher action is conducive to a disciplined classroom?</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Factors than contribute to classroom discipline:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Classroom management</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Methodology</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Interpersonal relationship</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Lesson planning</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student motivation</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Practical hints</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PRACTICAL HINTS FOR THE TEACHER ON CLASSROOM DISCIPLINE</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Star by being firm with students; you can relax later.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Get silence before you start speaking.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Know and use the students’ names.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Prepare lessons thoroughly and structure the firmly.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Be mobile: walk around the class.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Start the lesson with a ‘bang’ and sustain interest and curiosity.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Speak clearly.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Make sure your instructions are clear.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Have extra material prepared (e.g. to cope with slower/faster-working students).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Look at the class when speaking, and learn how to ‘scan’.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Make work appropriate (to pupils’ age, ability, cultural background).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Develop an effective questioning technique.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Develop the art of timing your lesson to fit the available period.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Vary your teaching techniques.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Anticipate discipline problems and act quickly.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Avoid confrontations.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Clarify fixed rules and standards, and be consistent in applying them.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Show yourself as supporter and helper to the students.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Don’t patronize students, treat them with respect.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Use humor constructively.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Choose topics and tasks that will activate students.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Be warm and friendly to students.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Adapted from Wragg (1981:22)</i></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: .25in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">That is all about solution for TT to help him for make his class active and discipline. Maybe not all information that can I give to TT for solving his problem.</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-1977479768764319192012-02-19T06:06:00.001-08:002012-02-19T06:06:01.721-08:00Prepare to become English Teacher<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tinus Tamonob (TT)need help to give him the solution :: how to be a good English language <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>teacher at his new job :: because his S1 degree in the English language<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>has not prepared him to be a language teacher.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">What are TT need to do?</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>TT need to make his student active<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and discipline in the class, so for it he must learn about kinds of method.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Direct Method.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The goal teacher used the direct method are to make the student<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>know how to communicate in the target language. In other<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>this successfully, student should learn to think in the target language. Meaning The <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">direct method</span> of teaching foreign languages, sometimes called the <i>natural method</i>, refrains from using the learners' </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_language" title="First language"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">native language</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> and uses only the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_language" title="Target language"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">target language</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">. It’s a good method that TT can use. Why? Because teacher who use the Direct Method believe students need to associate meaning and target language directly. When the teacher introduce a new target language word or phrase, he demonstrates its meaning through the use realia or picture. In fact, the syllabus use the Direct Method is based upon situation. Student practice vocabulary by using new words in complete sentences.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student read aloud.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher point to a part of the map after each sentences is read.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher uses the target language to ask the student if they have questions, the student use the target language to ask their questions.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher answer the student’s questions by drawing on the white/blackboard or given example .</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher corrects grammar error by asking the student to make a choice.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The teacher Ask the question about the students; students ask each other questions.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student fill in the blanks with preposition practiced in the lesson.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Grammar Translation Method.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The goal use the grammar translation method are to fundamental purpose of learning a foreign language is to be able to read literature written in the target language. To do this, student need to learn about the grammar rules and vocabulary of the target language. In addition \, it is believed that studying a foreign language provides students with good mental exercise which help develop her minds. With this method students are taught to translate from one language to another. Often what they translate are reading in the target language about some aspect of the culture of the foreign language community.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student write out the answer to reading comprehension question.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher decides whether an answer is correct or not. If the answer incorrect, the teacher select a different student to sup-ply the correct answer or the teacher herself gives the right answer.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student translate new word.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student are given a grammar rule for the use of direct object with two word verbs.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Students apply a rule to example<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>they are given.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student memorized vocabulary.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher ask student to state grammar rule. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Communicative Approach.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The goal is to have one’s student become communicatively competent. While this has been the stated goal of many of the other methods. In the communicative approach<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the nation of what it takes bto be communicatively competent is much expanded. To do this student need<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>knowledge of the linguistics forms, meaning and functions. When we use it? We use the language to accomplish some function, such as arguing, persuading, or promising.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They need to know many different forms can be use to perform a function and also that a single form can often serve a variety of function. they must also be able to manage the process of negotiating meaning with their interlocutors. Student use the language a great deal through communicative activities such as game, role play, and problem solving tasks.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">In communication, the speaker has a choice of what she/he will say it. If the exercise is tightly controlled so that student can only say something in one way, the speaker has no choice and the exchange, therefore is not communicative. For example, if a students replay to his/her neighbor’s question in the same way as her neighbor replied to someone else’s questions then she has no choice of form and content., and real communication does not occur. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher distributes a handout that has a copy of a sport column from a recent newspaper.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher tells the students to underline the reporter’s prediction and to say which one they think.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher gives the student the direction for the activity in the target language.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student unscramble the sentences of the newspaper article.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student play a language game.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student are asked how they feel about the predictions.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">A students makes an error. The teacher and other student ignore it.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher give each group of students a strip story and a task to perform.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">After he role play is finished the students elicit relevant vocabulary.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">For their homework, they are to listen to a debate on the radio or watch it on television.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Audio Lingual Method.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The audio lingual method , like the direct method we have just examined, has agoal very different from that of the grammar translation method.. teacher want their students to be able to use the target language communicatively. they believe students need to over learnt the target language, to learn to use automatically without stopping to think. Their students achieve this by forming new habits of their native language. New vocabulary and structures are presented through dialogs. The dialogs are learned through imitation and repetition. Students successful responses are positively rain-forced. Grammar is induced from the example given; explicit grammar rules are not provided. Cultural information is contextualized in the dialogs or presented by teacher. Students reading and writing work is based upon the oral work they did earlier. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher introduce a new dialogs</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The language teacher uses only the target language in the class room. Action, picture, or realia are used to give meaning otherwise.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The language teacher introduce the dialogs modeling it two times; she introduce by modeling the correct answers; at other time , he correct mispronunciation by modeling the proper sounds in the target language.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student repeat each line of the new dialogs several times.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student stumble over one of the lines of the dialog. The teacher uses a build-up drill with this line</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher initiates a chain drill in which each student greets another..</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher uses single-slot and multiple-slot substitution drills.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher give a compliment when the student answer correctly. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher uses spoken sues and picture cues..</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">When the can handle it, the teacher poses the questions to them rapidly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>That is about solution of method that TT can use in the class room. To most teachers the phrase ‘classroom discipline’ has an immediate and clear meaning, but it is in fact quite a complex concept, and to define in words. However, in general classroom discipline may refer to the following notions of concept.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">THE CONCEPT OF DISCIPLINE</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">control<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>contract<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>rules</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">agree<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>accept<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>responsibility</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">rewards<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>routine<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>punishment</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">respect<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>smooth<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>behavior</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">norms<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>power<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>authority</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">obey<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>consistent<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>authoritative</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">authorization<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>efficient<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cooperation</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">What teacher action is conducive to a disciplined classroom?</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Factors than contribute to classroom discipline:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Classroom management</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Methodology</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Interpersonal relationship</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Lesson planning</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student motivation</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Practical hints</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PRACTICAL HINTS FOR THE TEACHER ON CLASSROOM DISCIPLINE</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Star by being firm with students; you can relax later.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Get silence before you start speaking.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Know and use the students’ names.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Prepare lessons thoroughly and structure the firmly.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Be mobile: walk around the class.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Start the lesson with a ‘bang’ and sustain interest and curiosity.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Speak clearly.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Make sure your instructions are clear.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Have extra material prepared (e.g. to cope with slower/faster-working students).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Look at the class when speaking, and learn how to ‘scan’.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Make work appropriate (to pupils’ age, ability, cultural background).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Develop an effective questioning technique.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Develop the art of timing your lesson to fit the available period.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Vary your teaching techniques.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Anticipate discipline problems and act quickly.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Avoid confrontations.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Clarify fixed rules and standards, and be consistent in applying them.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Show yourself as supporter and helper to the students.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Don’t patronize students, treat them with respect.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Use humor constructively.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Choose topics and tasks that will activate students.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Be warm and friendly to students.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Adapted from Wragg (1981:22)</i></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: .25in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">That is all about solution for TT to help him for make his class active and discipline. Maybe not all information that can I give to TT for solving his problem.</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-19660423012347945892012-02-19T05:55:00.000-08:002012-02-19T05:55:54.585-08:00THE DIRECT METHOD<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">The goal teacher used the direct method are to make the student<span> </span>know how to communicate in the target language. In other<span> </span>this successfully, student should learn to think in the target language. Meaning The <span>direct method</span> of teaching foreign languages, sometimes called the <i>natural method</i>, refrains from using the learners' </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_language" title="First language"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">native language</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"> and uses only the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_language" title="Target language"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">target language</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">In the direct method has a some principles such as:</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">Classroom instructions are conducted exclusively in the target language.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught during the initial phase; grammar, reading and writing are introduced in intermediate phase.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span>3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">Oral communication skills are built up in a carefully graded progression organized around question-and-answer exchanges between teachers and students in small, intensive classes.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span>4.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">Grammar is taught inductively.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span>5.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">New teaching points are introduced orally.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span>6.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">Concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration, objects, and pictures; abstract vocabulary is taught by association of ideas.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span>7.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">Both speech and listening comprehensions are taught.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span>8.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">Correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasized.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span>9.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">Student should be speaking at least 80% of the time during the lesson.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span>10.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">Students are taught from inception to ask questions as well as answer them.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">For some principle at above I’d prefer to chose point no 9 ( student should be speaking at 80% of the time during the lesson ). Because when the student can speaking 80% they have increased opportunities to become familiar with the new material, Students have more chances to experiment with and personalize the language. They can mix previous vocabulary and grammar structures with the target language of the lesson, as well as steer conversations towards their individual interests. For example, if two students fail to understand one another, they must work together to repair the miscomprehension. This better prepares the class, where they can't rely on the teacher for help.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">From my observation at SMP 1 KUPANG The teacher try to help the student to speak much in the target language by sing a song and help the student actively with the lesson, the teacher explain to the student how to make a tea and the teacher tells the student about the steps to make a tea after that the teacher chose two student to replay what the teacher explain, one student replay to explain how to make a tae and one student practice or showing by the explanation. After that the teacher change the topic with how to make a coffee and tell the student to find out the steps to make a coffee. So from this way the teacher try to help the student to become actively for find out the answer and to communication in the target language.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">After I become a teacher I will use this principle to teach the student and make the class to speak much, Start from me. First, I will give the explanation or the steps and I help the student speak much by introduction, such as try to introduce their self, introduce their friend, introduce their family. Try to describe something (description) teach them how to describe an animal, room, human, way etc. Tell a short story, funny story from this way the student can easy to understand the grammar, can know much about the vocabulary. Learn and practice more is a good way to get <span> </span>a good achievement.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div>will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-38740932882538019752012-01-30T09:21:00.003-08:002012-01-30T09:21:48.597-08:00SYLLABUS, MATERIAL AND TOPIC CONTENT<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="background-color: blue;"></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Syllabus</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Common characteristics of a syllabus:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Consists of a comprehensive list of:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/Blink/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Content items (words, structure, topics);</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/Blink/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Process items (tasks, methods).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Is ordered (easier, more essential items first).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Has explicit objectives (usually expressed in the introduction).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Is a public document.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">May indicate a time schedule.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">May indicate a preferred methodology or approach.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">May recommend materials.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Different types of language syllabus</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Grammatical</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lexical</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Grammatical-lexical</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Situational</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Topic-based</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Notional</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Functional-notional</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mixed or ‘multi-strand’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Explanation:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Grammatical:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A list of grammatical structures, such as the present tense, comparison of adjectives, relative clauses, usually divided into section graded according to difficulty and/or importance.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lexical:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A list of lexical items (girl, boy, go away...) with association collocations and idioms, usually divided into graded sections. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Grammatical-lexical:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A very common kind of syllabus: both structure and lexis are specified: either together, in sections that correspond to the units of a course, or into separate lists.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Situational:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">These syllabuses take the real life contexts of language use as their basis: sections would be headed by names of situations or locations such as ‘Eating a meal’ or ‘In the street’.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Topic-based:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This is rather like the situational syllabus, except that the headings are broadly topic-based, including things like ‘Food’, or ‘The Family’; this usually indicates a fairly clear set of vocabulary items, which may be specified.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Notional:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">‘Notions’ are concepts that language can express. General notions may include ‘number’, for example, or ‘time’, ‘place’, ‘color’; specific notions look more like vocabulary items: ‘man’, ‘woman’, ‘afternoon’.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Functional-notional:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Functions are things you can do with language, as distinct from notion you can express: examples are ‘identifying’, ‘denying’, ‘promising’. Purely functional syllabuses are rare: usually both functions and notions are combined.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mixed or ‘multi-strand’:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Increasingly, modern syllabuses are combining different aspects in order to be maximally comprehensive and helpful to teachers and learners; in these you may find specifications of topics, tasks, functions and notions, as well as grammar and vocabulary.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Material</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">How necessary is a course book?</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In favor of using a course book:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Framework</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Syllabus</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ready-made texts and tasks</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Economy</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Convenience</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Guidance</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Autonomy</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Explanation:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Framework:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A course book provides a clear framework: teachers and learners know where they are going and what is coming next, so that there is a sense of structure and progress.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Syllabus:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In many places the course book serves as a syllabus: if it is followed systematically, a carefully planned and balanced selection of language content will be covered.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ready-made texts and tasks:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The course book provides texts and learning tasks which are likely to be of an appropriate level for most of the class. This of course saves time for the teacher who would otherwise have to prepare his or her own.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Economy:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A book is the cheapest way of providing learning material for each learner: alternatives, such as kits, sets of photocopied papers or computer software, are likely to be more expensive relative to the amount of material provided.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Convenience:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A book is a convenience package. It is bound, so that its components stick together and stay in order; it is light and small enough to carry around easily; it is of a shape that is easily packed and stacked; it does not depend for its use on hardware or a supply of electricity.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Guidance:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">For teachers who are inexperience or occasionally unsure of their knowledge of the language, the course book can provide useful guidance and support.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Autonomy:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The learner can use the course book to learn new material, review and monitor progress with some degree of autonomy. A learner without a course book is more teacher-dependent.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Course book assessment</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As a teacher, it is worth thinking about how you recognize a good course book when you see one, and on what grounds you might reject or criticize it. Here are some guidelines against using a course book.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Inadequacy:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Every class – in fact, every learner – has their own learning needs: no one course book can possibly supply these satisfactorily.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Irrelevance, lack of interest:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The topics dealt with in the course book may not necessarily be relevant or interesting for the class.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Limitation:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A course book is confining: its set structure and sequence may inhibit a teacher’s initiative and creativity, and lead to boredom and lack of motivation on the part of the learners.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Homogeneity:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Course books have their own rationale and chosen teaching/learning approach. They do not usually cater for the variety of levels of ability and knowledge, or of learning styles and strategies that exist in most classes.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Over-easiness:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Teachers find it too easy to follow the course book uncritically instead of using their initiatives; they may find themselves functioning merely as mediators of its content instead of as teachers in their own right.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 50.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">CRITERIA FOR COURSEBOOK ASSESSMENT</span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Importance</span></i></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Criterion </span></i></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Objectives explicitly laid out in an introduction, and implemented in the material</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Approach educationally and socially acceptable to target community</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Clear attractive layout: print easy to read</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Appropriate visual material available</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Interesting topics and tasks</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Varied topics and tasks, so as to provide for different learner levels, learning styles and interest, etc.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Clear instructions</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Systematic coverage of syllabus</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Content clearly organized and graded (sequence by difficulty</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Periodic review and test sections</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Plenty of authentic language</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Good pronunciation explanation and practice</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Good vocabulary explanation and practice</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Good grammar presentation and practice</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Fluency practice in all four skills</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Encourages learners to develop own learning strategies and to become independent in their learning</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Adequate guidance for the teacher; not too heavy preparation load</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Audio cassettes</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 297.65pt;" valign="top" width="397"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Readily available locally</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.05pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" valign="top" width="616"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">@ Cambridge University Press 1996</span></i></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" valign="top" width="616"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">COURSEBOOK COVERAGE</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pronunciation practice</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Introduction of new vocabulary and practice</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Grammar explanation and practice</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Recording of listening practice</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Listening and speaking of communicative tasks</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Reading and writing communicative tasks</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mixed-skills communicative tasks</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Short and long reading texts</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dictionary work</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Review of previously learned material</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Some entertaining and fun activities</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">@ Cambridge University Press 1996</span></i><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Topic content</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The topic content of courses refers to topics the language talks about, as distinct from the language content itself and it may be of various types. Some main ones are shown below.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" valign="top" width="616"> <div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">TYPES OF NON-LINGUISTIC CONTENT</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Zero or trivial content:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bland, fairly neutral characters and events, or superficially interesting topics with no cultural or other information or engagement with real world issues. For example: sentences about fictional ‘John and Mary’ doing everyday activities; stereotype family stories; many pop songs; trivial anecdotes; ‘soap opera’ style narrative or video.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The language:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Aspect of English treated as topics of study in themselves: its history, for example, etymology or morphology.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Another subject of study:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Other subjects on the school or university curriculum, such as science or history, taught through the medium of the foreign language.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Home culture:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Discussions of institutions, people, places, events, writing, etc. pertaining to the learners’ own culture. For example, Greek learners might discuss places they would recommend that tourists should visit in Greece.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Culture associated with the English language:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Discussions of institution, etc. pertaining to the English-speaking people. Material for learners might take as topics, for example, the American Civil War, or British social customs.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">English literature:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In a sense a part of (5) above, but important enough to warrant a separate heading: stories, novels, plays, poetry written in English.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">World or general knowledge:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Culture or literature that is known in many countries, such as some folk tales, the Bible; geographical, historical or political information about any part of the world; general scientific or philosophical topics.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Moral, educational, political or social problems:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Content that presents, or requires the participants to take, a stance on some issue: for example, a dilemma to which learners suggest a solution.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The learners themselves:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Exploration of learners’ own experiences, knowledge, opinions and feelings: for example: activities that ask learners to write about someone they know, or compare tastes in food or drink.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">@ Cambridge University Press 1996</span></i><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br />
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">What does a lesson involve?</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lessons in different places may vary in topic, time, place, atmosphere, methodology and materials, but they are all, essentially, concerned with learning as the main objective, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">and </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">involve</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> the participation of learners and teacher, and are limited and pre-scheduled as regards </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">with </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">time, place and membership.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Aspects of the lesson:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Transaction or series of transactions</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: the actual learning which takes place in the lesson. It involves topic, function, grammar, vocabulary, etc.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Interaction</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: social relationships between learners, or between learners and teacher; a lesson is seen as something which involves relaxed, warm interaction that protects and promotes the confidence and the happiness of all participants.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Goal-oriented effort</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: a lesson involves a clear, worthwhile objective.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A satisfying and enjoyable experience</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: this experience may be based on aesthetic pleasure, fun, interest, challenge or entertainment; the main point is that participants should enjoy it and therefore be motivated to attend while it is going on.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A role-based culture</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: all participants (teacher and students) know and accept in advance the demand that will be made on them, and their expected behavior.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lesson preparation</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Questions on lesson preparation:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">How long before a specific lesson do </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">you </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">prepare it?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Do you write down lesson notes to guide you? Or do you rely on a lesson format provided by another teacher, the course book, or a Teacher’s Book?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">If so, are these notes brief (single page or less) or long (more than one page)?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">What do they consist of?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Do you note down your objectives?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Do you actually look at your notes during the lesson? If so, rarely? Occasionally? Frequently?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">What do you do with your lesson notes after the lesson?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Task</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: Interview at least two language teachers who are experienced and (as afar as you can tell) conscientious and competent professionals. Ask them the same questions, stressing that what you want to know is what they actually do in daily practice, not what they think they ought to do!</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Varying lesson components</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Way of varying lesson:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tempo</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: activities may be brisk and fast-moving (such as guessing games) or slow and reflective (such as reading and responding in writing).</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Organization</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: the learners may work on their own at individualized tasks; or in pairs or groups; or as a full class in interaction with the teacher.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mode and skill</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: activities may be based on the written or the spoken language; and within these, they may vary as to whether the learners are asked to produce (speak, write) or receive (listen, read).</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Difficulty</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: activity as may be seen as easy and non- demanding; or difficult requiring concentration and effort.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Topic</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: both the language teaching point and the (non-linguistic topic) may change from one activity to another.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mood</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: activities vary also in mood: light and fun-based versus serious and profound; happy versus sad; tense versus relaxed.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Stir-settle</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: some activates enliven and excite learners (such as controversional discussions, or activities that involve physical movement); others like dictations, have the effect of calming them down. </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Active-passive</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: learners may be activated in a way that encourages their own initiative; or they may only be required to do as they are told.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Guidelines for ordering components of a lesson:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Put the harder task earlier;</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Have quieter activities before lively ones;</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Think about transitions;</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pull the class together at the beginning and at the end;</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">End on a positive note.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Evaluating lesson effectiveness</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Criteria for evaluating lesson effectiveness</span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The learners were active all the time.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The learners were attentive all the time.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The learners enjoyed the lesson; were motivated.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The class seemed to be learning the material well.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The lesson went according to the plan.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The language was communicatively throughout.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The learners were engaging in the foreign language throughout.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">V.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Practical lesson management</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Prepare more than you need: it is advisable to have an easily presented, light ‘reserve’ activity ready in case of extra time.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Similarly, note in advance which component(s) of the lesson you will sacrifice if you find yourself with too little time for everything.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Keep a watch or clock easily visible; make sure you are aware throughout how time is going relative to your programme. It is difficult to judge intuitively how time is going when you are busy, and the smooth running of your lesson depends to some extent on proper timing.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Do not leave the giving of homework to the last minute! At the end of the lesson, learners’ attention is at the low ebb, and you may run out of time before you finish explaining. Explain it earlier on, and then give a quick reminder at the end.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">If you have papers to distribute and a large class, do not try to give every paper yourself to every student! Give a number of papers to people at different points in the class, ask them to take one and pass the rest on.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">If you are doing group-work, give instructions and make sure these are understood before dividing into groups or even, if practicable, handing out materials; if you do it the other way round, students will be looking at each other and at the materials; and they are less likely to attend to what you have to say.</span></div>will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-60489630238742080562012-01-30T09:07:00.000-08:002012-01-30T09:07:11.680-08:00Language Acquisition<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NATIVE LANGUAGE</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When used with reference to a person of limited English-speaking ability, means the language normally used by that person, or in the case of a child, the language normally used by the parents of the child. Bilingual Education Act. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt;">TARGET LANGUAGE</span><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The language into which a text in a given language is to be translated</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">A language other than one's own that one is learning</span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">DEFINITION FOREIGN LANGUAGE</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Any Language Other Than That Spoken By The People Of A Specific Place</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><u><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">DEFINITION FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION</span></u></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Language acquisition depends upon the child being exposed to language. (Akhbar's experiment was correct.) The language a child acquires is that of his/her surroundings. Children who are deprived of language in their environment simply do not begin to speak spontaneously. (Wolf children, Genie, had no language.) </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;"><b><u><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DEFINITION OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION</span></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Second language acquisition or SLA is the process of learning other languages in addition to the native language. For instance, a child who speaks </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://www.brighthub.com/guides/hindi.aspx" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hindi</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> as the mother tongue starts learning English when he starts going to school. English is learned by the process of second language acquisition. In fact, a young child can learn a second language faster than an adult can learn the same language.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span class="aedg"><b><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt;">FIRST LANGUAGE</span></u></b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <br />
The noun <b>FIRST LANGUAGE</b> has 1 sense:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100.0%;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 98.66%;" width="98%"> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">one's native language; the language learned by children and passed from one generation to the next.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MOTHER TONGUE</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td nowrap="nowrap" style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"><br />
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">noun</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (<i>wikipedia, first language</i>) </span></div><ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The language one first learnt; the language one grew up with.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The language spoken by one"s ancestors.</span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;"><b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SECOND LANGUAGE</span></b></div><ol><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A <span style="color: #333333;">language</span> <span style="color: #333333;">learned</span> <span style="color: #333333;">by</span> a person <span style="color: #333333;">after</span> <span style="color: #333333;">his</span> <span style="color: #333333;">or</span> <span style="color: #333333;">her</span> native <span style="color: #333333;">language,</span> <span style="color: #333333;">especially</span> <span style="color: #333333;">as</span> <span style="color: #333333;">a</span> <span style="color: #333333;">resident</span> of an <span style="color: #333333;">area</span> <span style="color: #333333;">where</span> it is in general <span style="color: #333333;">use.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #333333;">A</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #333333;"></span> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/language"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">language</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> widely used, <span style="color: #333333;">especially</span> in <span style="color: #333333;">educational</span> <span style="color: #333333;">and</span> <span style="color: #333333;">governmental</span> <span style="color: #333333;">functions</span> in a <span style="color: #333333;">region</span> <span style="color: #333333;">where</span> all <span style="color: #333333;">or</span> <span style="color: #333333;">most</span> <span style="color: #333333;">of</span> <span style="color: #333333;">its</span> speakers are nonnative, as <span style="color: #333333;">English</span> in <span style="color: #333333;">India</span> or Nigeria. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #333333;"></span> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></li>
</ol><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #333333;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b> <div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div>will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-40408234213628027242012-01-30T08:52:00.001-08:002012-01-30T08:52:43.249-08:00The Direct Method, The Grammar Translation Method, The Communicative Approach,The Audio Lingual Method, and THE CONCEPT OF DISCIPLINE.<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tinus Tamonob (TT)need help to give him the solution :: how to be a good English language <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>teacher at his new job :: because his S1 degree in the English language<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>has not prepared him to be a language teacher.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">What are TT need to do?</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>TT need to make his student active<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and discipline in the class, so for it he must learn about kinds of method.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Direct Method.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The goal teacher used the direct method are to make the student<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>know how to communicate in the target language. In other<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>this successfully, student should learn to think in the target language. Meaning The <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">direct method</span> of teaching foreign languages, sometimes called the <i>natural method</i>, refrains from using the learners' </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_language" title="First language"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">native language</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> and uses only the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_language" title="Target language"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">target language</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">. It’s a good method that TT can use. Why? Because teacher who use the Direct Method believe students need to associate meaning and target language directly. When the teacher introduce a new target language word or phrase, he demonstrates its meaning through the use realia or picture. In fact, the syllabus use the Direct Method is based upon situation. Student practice vocabulary by using new words in complete sentences.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student read aloud.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher point to a part of the map after each sentences is read.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher uses the target language to ask the student if they have questions, the student use the target language to ask their questions.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher answer the student’s questions by drawing on the white/blackboard or given example .</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher corrects grammar error by asking the student to make a choice.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The teacher Ask the question about the students; students ask each other questions.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student fill in the blanks with preposition practiced in the lesson.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Grammar Translation Method.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The goal use the grammar translation method are to fundamental purpose of learning a foreign language is to be able to read literature written in the target language. To do this, student need to learn about the grammar rules and vocabulary of the target language. In addition \, it is believed that studying a foreign language provides students with good mental exercise which help develop her minds. With this method students are taught to translate from one language to another. Often what they translate are reading in the target language about some aspect of the culture of the foreign language community.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student write out the answer to reading comprehension question.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher decides whether an answer is correct or not. If the answer incorrect, the teacher select a different student to sup-ply the correct answer or the teacher herself gives the right answer.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student translate new word.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student are given a grammar rule for the use of direct object with two word verbs.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Students apply a rule to example<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>they are given.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student memorized vocabulary.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher ask student to state grammar rule. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Communicative Approach.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The goal is to have one’s student become communicatively competent. While this has been the stated goal of many of the other methods. In the communicative approach<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the nation of what it takes bto be communicatively competent is much expanded. To do this student need<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>knowledge of the linguistics forms, meaning and functions. When we use it? We use the language to accomplish some function, such as arguing, persuading, or promising.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They need to know many different forms can be use to perform a function and also that a single form can often serve a variety of function. they must also be able to manage the process of negotiating meaning with their interlocutors. Student use the language a great deal through communicative activities such as game, role play, and problem solving tasks.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">In communication, the speaker has a choice of what she/he will say it. If the exercise is tightly controlled so that student can only say something in one way, the speaker has no choice and the exchange, therefore is not communicative. For example, if a students replay to his/her neighbor’s question in the same way as her neighbor replied to someone else’s questions then she has no choice of form and content., and real communication does not occur. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher distributes a handout that has a copy of a sport column from a recent newspaper.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher tells the students to underline the reporter’s prediction and to say which one they think.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher gives the student the direction for the activity in the target language.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student unscramble the sentences of the newspaper article.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student play a language game.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student are asked how they feel about the predictions.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">A students makes an error. The teacher and other student ignore it.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher give each group of students a strip story and a task to perform.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">After he role play is finished the students elicit relevant vocabulary.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">For their homework, they are to listen to a debate on the radio or watch it on television.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Audio Lingual Method.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The audio lingual method , like the direct method we have just examined, has agoal very different from that of the grammar translation method.. teacher want their students to be able to use the target language communicatively. they believe students need to over learnt the target language, to learn to use automatically without stopping to think. Their students achieve this by forming new habits of their native language. New vocabulary and structures are presented through dialogs. The dialogs are learned through imitation and repetition. Students successful responses are positively rain-forced. Grammar is induced from the example given; explicit grammar rules are not provided. Cultural information is contextualized in the dialogs or presented by teacher. Students reading and writing work is based upon the oral work they did earlier. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher introduce a new dialogs</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The language teacher uses only the target language in the class room. Action, picture, or realia are used to give meaning otherwise.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The language teacher introduce the dialogs modeling it two times; she introduce by modeling the correct answers; at other time , he correct mispronunciation by modeling the proper sounds in the target language.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student repeat each line of the new dialogs several times.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The student stumble over one of the lines of the dialog. The teacher uses a build-up drill with this line</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher initiates a chain drill in which each student greets another..</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher uses single-slot and multiple-slot substitution drills.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher give a compliment when the student answer correctly. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The teacher uses spoken sues and picture cues..</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">When the can handle it, the teacher poses the questions to them rapidly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>That is about solution of method that TT can use in the class room. To most teachers the phrase ‘classroom discipline’ has an immediate and clear meaning, but it is in fact quite a complex concept, and to define in words. However, in general classroom discipline may refer to the following notions of concept.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">THE CONCEPT OF DISCIPLINE</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">control<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>contract<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>rules</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">agree<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>accept<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>responsibility</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">rewards<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>routine<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>punishment</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">respect<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>smooth<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>behavior</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">norms<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>power<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>authority</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">obey<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>consistent<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>authoritative</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">authorization<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>efficient<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cooperation</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">What teacher action is conducive to a disciplined classroom?</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Factors than contribute to classroom discipline:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Classroom management</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Methodology</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Interpersonal relationship</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Lesson planning</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Student motivation</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Practical hints</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PRACTICAL HINTS FOR THE TEACHER ON CLASSROOM DISCIPLINE</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Star by being firm with students; you can relax later.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Get silence before you start speaking.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Know and use the students’ names.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Prepare lessons thoroughly and structure the firmly.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Be mobile: walk around the class.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Start the lesson with a ‘bang’ and sustain interest and curiosity.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Speak clearly.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Make sure your instructions are clear.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Have extra material prepared (e.g. to cope with slower/faster-working students).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Look at the class when speaking, and learn how to ‘scan’.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Make work appropriate (to pupils’ age, ability, cultural background).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Develop an effective questioning technique.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Develop the art of timing your lesson to fit the available period.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Vary your teaching techniques.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Anticipate discipline problems and act quickly.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Avoid confrontations.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Clarify fixed rules and standards, and be consistent in applying them.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Show yourself as supporter and helper to the students.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Don’t patronize students, treat them with respect.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Use humor constructively.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Choose topics and tasks that will activate students.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Be warm and friendly to students.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Adapted from Wragg (1981:22)</i></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: .25in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">That is all about solution for TT to help him for make his class active and discipline. Maybe not all information that can I give to TT for solving his problem.</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></b></div>will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-60828282401573493592012-01-30T08:22:00.000-08:002012-01-30T08:22:07.605-08:00RESEARCH METHOD<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">Generally people get to the truth of something by means of adult or scientific approach. Compare both of them approach in terms of their.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Non-Scientific Approach (characteristic).</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Common Sense: A set of concepts and conceptual schemes used for practical purposes; Concepts refers to abstraction of particular incidents. Example : Punishment vs. Reward in Education;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">A priori: knowledge obtained by common sense but it is influenced by personal interest</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Intuitive: the truth is based on intuition and unconscious process. Though it might be right but sometimes it is not support by empirical evidence.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Authoritative: as the elders have fast life experience or academic background, their opinion are sometimes received unproved.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Scientific Approach</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">The knowledge obtained through research based on certain theory</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">The research is done systematically and controlled on the basis of empirical data.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">The theory should be tested and falsified.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">The result of the research should be consistent and reliable and generalizable.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">It must be free of biases: creed, sex, and tribe.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">The conclusion should be objective.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Types of Research</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.75in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Historical, refers to history of something.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.75in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Descriptive, is aim of describe something</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.75in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Developmental, how something is develop</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.75in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Case study, or the study of individual</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.75in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Correlation, study correlation with everything.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.75in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Causal-Comparative, about cause’s impact effect.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.75in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">True experimental, experiment some factors</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.75in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Action research.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Is a kind of approach which is implemented by spiral evaluation planning-action-observation-evaluation?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Is a kind of approach which is used to build the community which capable in self-critizing, commitment personality in self developing and to release it from the community/self obstacle of maintain authority?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Is a kind of approach which is used to develop educational information by modifying it and learn from that modifying.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Is a collaborative characteristic which involves all the people who have the responsibility for it.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Is a kind of approach which has participatory characteristic to develop the quality of its own realization work.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Is a kind of approach which has systematic educational process in constructing the critic inelegancy and teacher who has rich in education behaviour?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Is a kind of approach which has a “politic” process because it involves people in changing the process?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Enable for teacher in making a note about:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Activity/practise</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">The changing in practise observation</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">The changing in social relation.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">The changing and the authority of teacher of PTK</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Opened about the data.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">To demand the self-Journal production in its processes and the action of development.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">To participating people in practicing the theory, so that it becomes an inquisitive for the environment, action, and the response on how these three theories are related to each other</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Giving justification of our action/.response as a teacher.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Begin from small things, small syclus and small group collaborator.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">To demand teacher-researcher in experimenting the own practicing.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">To demand people in doing the critics analysis about the class/school/system of that condition.</span></div>will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-49521284741627749582011-12-14T00:08:00.000-08:002011-12-14T00:08:32.259-08:00THE DIRECT METHODTHE DIRECT METHOD<br />
The goal teacher used the direct method are to make the student know how to communicate in the target language. In other this successfully, student should learn to think in the target language. Meaning The direct method of teaching foreign languages, sometimes called the natural method, refrains from using the learners' native language and uses only the target language. <br />
In the direct method has a some principles such as:<br />
1.Classroom instructions are conducted exclusively in the target language.<br />
2.Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught during the initial phase; grammar, reading and writing are introduced in intermediate phase.<br />
3.Oral communication skills are built up in a carefully graded progression organized around question-and-answer exchanges between teachers and students in small, intensive classes.<br />
4.Grammar is taught inductively.<br />
5.New teaching points are introduced orally.<br />
6.Concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration, objects, and pictures; abstract vocabulary is taught by association of ideas.<br />
7.Both speech and listening comprehensions are taught.<br />
8.Correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasized.<br />
9.Student should be speaking at least 80% of the time during the lesson.<br />
10.Students are taught from inception to ask questions as well as answer them.<br />
For some principle at above I’d prefer to chose point no 9 ( student should be speaking at 80% of the time during the lesson ). Because when the student can speaking 80% they have increased opportunities to become familiar with the new material, Students have more chances to experiment with and personalize the language. They can mix previous vocabulary and grammar structures with the target language of the lesson, as well as steer conversations towards their individual interests. For example, if two students fail to understand one another, they must work together to repair the miscomprehension. This better prepares the class, where they can't rely on the teacher for help.<br />
From my observation at SMP 1 KUPANG The teacher try to help the student to speak much in the target language by sing a song and help the student actively with the lesson, the teacher explain to the student how to make a tea and the teacher tells the student about the steps to make a tea after that the teacher chose two student to replay what the teacher explain, one student replay to explain how to make a tae and one student practice or showing by the explanation. After that the teacher change the topic with how to make a coffee and tell the student to find out the steps to make a coffee. So from this way the teacher try to help the student to become actively for find out the answer and to communication in the target language.<br />
After I become a teacher I will use this principle to teach the student and make the class to speak much, Start from me. First, I will give the explanation or the steps and I help the student speak much by introduction, such as try to introduce their self, introduce their friend, introduce their family. Try to describe something (description) teach them how to describe an animal, room, human, way etc. Tell a short story, funny story from this way the student can easy to understand the grammar, can know much about the vocabulary. Learn and practice more is a good way to get a good achievement.<br />
<br />
sumber :<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_method_%28education%29<br />
http://www.betterlanguageteaching.com/esl-articles/57-teacher-student-talk-time <br />
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/direct_method.asp#axzz1gKdw9ldfwill i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-11774187958576388182011-11-18T08:09:00.000-08:002011-11-18T08:09:43.785-08:00RESEP KUE<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-Eg-3Ghly-tFyy5JmrzsjHhErbBugsVUOU83IFVUfsv9I8owa_ZHwZC-pfiV3SfiXi0hwMyf3GYHIZAN81tnOjeCngemPQnWIBxJvmAQ4apuNBDWjcsGN2pt6W52PFHEUN_u4q-Vt7EN-/s1600/images.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="104" width="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-Eg-3Ghly-tFyy5JmrzsjHhErbBugsVUOU83IFVUfsv9I8owa_ZHwZC-pfiV3SfiXi0hwMyf3GYHIZAN81tnOjeCngemPQnWIBxJvmAQ4apuNBDWjcsGN2pt6W52PFHEUN_u4q-Vt7EN-/s200/images.jpeg" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2JoVhNllBc-t_7P2XejQ-53p5iW9vCymsirz_0Axhfgr3LHe_XgwItfGBEwz4rA1moRt06ua3rabwnzvhqTllMTMkAlz_0YbCy0OmUFku_mLtBfBdqg2WLLmZS-YFw6mfRlnK4DtHzmGK/s1600/image1s.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="113" width="85" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2JoVhNllBc-t_7P2XejQ-53p5iW9vCymsirz_0Axhfgr3LHe_XgwItfGBEwz4rA1moRt06ua3rabwnzvhqTllMTMkAlz_0YbCy0OmUFku_mLtBfBdqg2WLLmZS-YFw6mfRlnK4DtHzmGK/s200/image1s.jpeg" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3ZWUR2w83aCVyyNqfClKyyzSpUhQ6dqU0-VXIkAPKdteWU38bd9hncRbgGKZ2a56auchBQri2X7EibQfhk3Wk9kIkoVpW_qdWCmpk3L3qmdHi8JJpaQkGbCKEuWWnoHRicY-gnhQQcvaz/s1600/images2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="103" width="127" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3ZWUR2w83aCVyyNqfClKyyzSpUhQ6dqU0-VXIkAPKdteWU38bd9hncRbgGKZ2a56auchBQri2X7EibQfhk3Wk9kIkoVpW_qdWCmpk3L3qmdHi8JJpaQkGbCKEuWWnoHRicY-gnhQQcvaz/s200/images2.jpeg" /></a></div><br />
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<b>Lagi bingung pengn buat kue, lgi pengn belajar buat kue. klo cri2 d intrnet malas bukax satu2 mnding download file ini ajah lgsung bisa dpat banyak resep kue kering n basah yg berupa file .doc ini.<br />
dari pada banyak basah basih lgsung ajah klik <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?nuf18y57b49br8r">DISINI</a><br />
<br />
klo kmu suka dgn file ini jgn lupa comntx yach.... tq.<br />
GBU<br />
</b>will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-3128959091942374732011-11-13T11:09:00.000-08:002011-11-13T11:09:31.839-08:00membuka lebih dari 1 akun pada 1 komputer.Aplikasi ini sebenarnya aplikasi biasa saja, yg hanya bisa d padukan dgn firefox v7/8. apabila kita menggunakan aplikasi ini kita dapat membuka lebih dari 1 akun pada 1 komputer. misalx facebook. ketika teman kita sedang bermain facebook pada 1 komputer/laptop, dan kita juga dapat login dengn kompi yang sama tanpa harus meng-logout akun yg bukan milik kita,dan teman kita yang lain juga dapat login facebooknya tanpa harus meng-logout akun yg lainnya. jdi istilahx ada 3 akun yg bisa berjalan dan aktif pada 1 komputer. hal ini bukan hanya u/ facebook saja. tp, dapat di gunakan u/ membuka Gmail a/ yahoo dll.<br />
<br />
Caranya sangat mudah.<br />
<br />
1. download dan instal <a href="downloads.mozdev.org/br/multifox-1.3.3.xpi">multifox </a><br />
2. klik allow a/ ijinkan<br />
3. proses download dan instalnya akan berjalan dgn sendirinya. biarkan saja.<br />
4. setelah selesai, firefox akan meminta u/ meng-restart firefox_nya.<br />
5. buka kembali firefox tersebut.<br />
6. aplikasi multifox_nya sudah siap d gunakan.<br />
<br />
u/ melihat kerjanya.<br />
ex.<br />
1. buka akun FB anda.<br />
2. setelah tebuka (stelah anda login). klik file a/ berkas >> LALU klik pada tulisan ( NEW IDENTITY PROFILE ).<br />
3. akan muncul new window firefox. ada logo angka 2 pada kolom LINK d sebelah kanan berwarna biru. yg di maksud adalah firefox trsebut adalah kolom ke 2 yang akan di gunakan u/ membuka akun yang sama.<br />
4. login lagi FB a/ akun ke-2 yg ingn anda buka. a/ suru teman anda u/ login dengn menggunakan akunx sendiri. <br />
5. apabila sudah anda lakukan maka dengn kata lain anda telah BERHASIL.<br />
<br />
selamat mencoba.<br />
jgn lupa comntx yach....will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-58084638012775303302011-11-08T21:59:00.000-08:002011-11-08T21:59:12.166-08:00Seting GPRS_MMS manualCara Setting GPRS<br />
Telkomsel<br />
APN : telkomsel<br />
Username :WAP<br />
Password : WAP123<br />
Telkomsel WAP Setting<br />
Home page : http://wap.telkomsel.com<br />
Data Account: telkomsel<br />
Connection type : HTTP<br />
Proxy address: 010.001.089.130<br />
Proxy port : 8000<br />
Password : WAP123<br />
<br />
Telkomsel MMS Setting<br />
APN : mms<br />
Username : wap<br />
Password: wap123<br />
WAP gateway IP address : 010.001.089.150<br />
Port : 9210 (standard), 8000 (proxy)<br />
Homepage : http://mms.telkomsel.com<br />
<br />
ProXL GPRS Setting<br />
APN : www.xlgprs.net<br />
Username :XLgprs<br />
Password: Proxl<br />
ProXL WAP Setting<br />
Homepage : http://wap.lifeinhand.com<br />
Data Account : proxl<br />
Connection type :HTTP<br />
Proxy address : 202.152.240.050<br />
Proxy port : 8080<br />
Username : xlgprs<br />
Password: proxl<br />
<br />
Xl MMS Setting<br />
APN : www.xlmms.net<br />
Proxy address : 202.152.240.050<br />
Homepage : http://mmc.xl.net.id/servlets/mms<br />
Username : xlgprs<br />
Password : proxl<br />
<br />
Satelindo (INDOSAT)<br />
Satelindo GPRS Setting<br />
APN : indosatgprs<br />
Username : indosat<br />
Password : indosat<br />
Satelindo WAP Setting<br />
Homepage : http://wap.indosat.com<br />
Data Account : satgprs<br />
Proxy address: 010.019.019.019<br />
Proxy port : 8080<br />
Username : indosat<br />
Password : indosat<br />
<br />
Satelindo MMS Setting<br />
APN: indosatmms<br />
Username : indosat<br />
Homepage http://mmsc.indosar.com<br />
Proxy address : 010.019.019.019<br />
Proxy port: 8080<br />
<br />
M3 GPRS Setting<br />
Pin : 1234/4799<br />
APN : indosatgprs<br />
Username : indosat<br />
Password : indosat<br />
M3 WAP Setting<br />
Homepage : http://wap.indosat.com<br />
Data Account: m3-gprs<br />
Connection type : http<br />
Proxy address: 010.019.019.019<br />
Proxy port : 8080<br />
Username: indosat<br />
Password: indosat<br />
<br />
M3 MMS Setting<br />
Pin : 1234/4063<br />
APN: indosatmms<br />
Username:indosat<br />
Password : indosat<br />
Homepage : http://mmsc.indosat.com<br />
Connection name : indosat mms<br />
<br />
3 Three GPRS Setting<br />
APN :3gprs<br />
Username : 3gprs<br />
Password: 3gprs<br />
3 WAP Setting<br />
homepage http://wap.three.co.id<br />
data Account:3<br />
connection type : http<br />
proxy address : 010.004.000.010<br />
proxy port : 3128<br />
username : 3gprs<br />
Password : 3gprs<br />
<br />
3 MMS Setting<br />
APN : 3mms<br />
Username :3mms<br />
Homepage : http://10.4.8.14<br />
Proxy address : 010.004.000.810<br />
Proxy port : 3128<br />
Username :3mms<br />
Password:3mms<br />
<br />
AXIS<br />
Data Account : AXIS<br />
Nama:AXIS<br />
APN:AXIS<br />
User name :axis<br />
Sandi : 123456<br />
AXIS Wap Setting<br />
Nama: axisgprs<br />
Layanan utama :wap.axisworld.co.id<br />
Pintu layanan : 010.008.003.008<br />
Port : 8080will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-43381470416347821212011-11-08T21:20:00.000-08:002011-11-08T21:20:47.781-08:00Why Men Don't Listen , and Woman Can Not Read Maps.Buku yang menceritakan tentang perbedaan Pria dan wanita, yang terdiri dari 400 lebih halaman ini merupakan buku yang menarik untuk dibaca dalam mengisi waktu santai anda dan bisa juga untuk menambah pengetahuan anda. Buku ini juga sempat menjadi INTERNATIONAL BEST SELLER, dan telah di terjemahkan kedalam bahasa indonesia yang mudah untuk dimengrti. kini anda dapat mendapatkan buku ini dengan gratis.<br />
<br />
langsung Klik di <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?urtndescug7dx1y">WILL I'AM_VAMPIRE</a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzYNsOXQiPfkYD0uKUQAyzW6hXDurs37_dM0wBNtPKBtwboqDT60uPZEQq_clnBl-13D8e4hu2S2xZhLUPE8eZOJWMbJk6be0K07igCraFZ_wS-VyamY0w1zAmJPrqcDohHdWuC2Rm1PgY/s1600/p1069.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear:left; float:left;margin-right:1em; margin-bottom:1em"><img border="0" height="200" width="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzYNsOXQiPfkYD0uKUQAyzW6hXDurs37_dM0wBNtPKBtwboqDT60uPZEQq_clnBl-13D8e4hu2S2xZhLUPE8eZOJWMbJk6be0K07igCraFZ_wS-VyamY0w1zAmJPrqcDohHdWuC2Rm1PgY/s320/p1069.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<br />
Jangan lupa untuk comntx yach.....will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-50336661998951932072011-11-03T08:00:00.001-07:002011-11-03T08:00:29.141-07:00be with you...Be with U...<br />
<br />
Be with U I feel special.<br />
Beside U I feel peace<br />
Behind U I feel comfort<br />
Be a dream in a loneliness <br />
<br />
Be empty when I missing U<br />
Be afraid when U aren't here<br />
Be alone when U far away<br />
Better life when U here beside me<br />
<br />
In deep of my heart<br />
I see U the only one<br />
In my dream<br />
I want U to be mine<br />
<br />
Imagine that U are here<br />
I wish U are here <br />
In a truly happen <br />
It's complete mewill i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-3305716194504920122011-11-03T07:44:00.000-07:002011-11-08T21:39:04.990-08:00Endless love<b> Endless love</b><br />
<br />
princes of my heart<br />
Everyday i love you<br />
All the time i want to see you<br />
Can not live without you<br />
End of my life is only about you<br />
<br />
Hardly i come and get you<br />
Every moment like a black pearl<br />
And moon like a shadow<br />
Raise your white love in deep<br />
That you show me your honestly<br />
<br />
Rich my mind to think of you<br />
Hold my hand together with you<br />
You are my little star<br />
My only little star<br />
Endless love<br />
<br />
Save me into your heart<br />
Where ever you are<br />
Enter me into your future<br />
Ending your life with me<br />
Than i won't to see another<br />
<br />
BY: <a href="http://william-vampire.blogspot.com">WILLIAM-VAMPIRE</a><br />
02/11/2011will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-17041580922005638472011-10-01T00:15:00.000-07:002011-10-01T00:15:44.745-07:00Discourse, Discourse Analysis, Context and Cotext<b>Discourse, Discourse Analysis, Context and Cotext</b><br />
<br />
if you want to download this <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?a4udr5bbh3tq5nb#1">doc please</a>...<br />
<br />
Secara etimology, kata discourse berasal dari bahasa Latin “discursus” yang merujuk pada kata conversation atau speech. Crystal (1992:25) mengatakan bahwa discourse is a continuous stretch of (especially spoken) language larger than a sentence, often constituting a coherent unit such as a sermon, argument, joke, or narrative. Atau dengan kata lain, discourse adalah suatu rangkaian bahasa yang berkesinambungan yang lebih besar dari kalimat yang merupakan suatu unit yang koheren seperti khotbah, argumentasi, atau narasi. Jadi kata discourse ini sebenarnya mengandung makna yang sangat luas dalam cakupan kehidupan manusia. <br />
Ahli bahasa modern pertama yang tertarik mempelajari hubungan-hubungan kalimat dan menamakan aktivitasnya dengan istilah discourse analysis dan kemudian menjadi cabang dari linguistic terapan ini adalah Zellig Harris. Dari sinilah muncul istilah discourse analysis.<br />
Discourse analysis merupakan cabang linguistics terapan yang berkaitan dengan evaluasi terhadap wacana dengan tujuan untuk menemukan pola-pola komunikasi dan hal-hal lain yang terkait dengannya yang tidak bias dijelaskan dengan tata bahasa (Carter, 1993:23). Ada juga yang mengatakan bahwa discourse analysis merupakan suatu disiplin ilmu yang berusaha mengkaji penggunaan bahasa yang nyata dalam suatu komunikasi. Pengertian lainnya adalah bahwa discourse analysis merupkan suatu kajian yang meneliti dan menganalisis bahasa yang digunakan secara alamiah, baik lisan maupun tertulis. Dalam hal ini discourse analysis menekankan kajiannya pada penggunaan bahasa dalam konteks social, khususnya dalam penggunaan bahasa antar penutur dimana bahasa yang digunakan dapat diterima dan dimengerti oleh para penutur meskipun bahasa tersebut tidak dirumuskan sebagaimana kaidah bahasa seperti dalam tata bahasa yang baku.<br />
Renkema (1993:34) mengatakan bahwa untuk mempertimbangkan apakah satuan bahasa dapat dikatakan sebagai discourse atau bukan dibutuhkan tujuh criteria, yaitu:<br />
- kekohesian, yaitu hubungan yang dihasilkan pada saat interpretasi suatu unsure bergantung pada unsure lainnya di dalam text. Dengan kata lain ini menyangkut hubungan semantic antar unsure di dalam text.<br />
- Kekohesian, yaitu hubungan yang didasar oleh sesuatu yang datangnya dari luar text. Sesuatu tersebut mengacu pada pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang dimiliki oleh penutur atau petutur.<br />
- Keintensionalan, yang menyangkut tujuan dan fungsi bahasa yang dimiliki partisipan dalam berkomunikasi<br />
- Keberterimaan, yang mengacu pada rangkaian kalimat yang berterima dan dapat dipahami oleh interlocutor (penutur/pembaca) agar dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai text<br />
- Keinformalan, yaitu bahwa suatu text harus memuat informasi-informasi baru dan harus dapat dipahami oleh interlocutor<br />
- Kesituasionalan, yang menyangkut situasi tempat dan waktu text tersebut dihasilkan<br />
- Keintertekstualan, yang mengacu pada keterhubungan suatu wacana dengan wacana lain yang telah diketahui.<br />
Dari ketujuh criteria di atas, criteria paling mendasar dalam discourse adalah kohesi dan koherensi. <br />
Dalam suatu wacana, keberadaan context sangat penting peranannya, karena context dapat mempengaruhi makna kata-kata dalam suatu discourse, baik lisan maupun tulisan. Discourse sebenarnya merupakan perpaduan antara text dan context. Dengan kata lain, suatu text akan dapat disebut sebagai sebuah discourse kalau ada context. Dalam hal ini, para penutur akan memahami suatu text jika mereka juga memahami context yang menyertai text tersebut.<br />
Context dapat digolongkan menjadi 3 jenis, yaitu: <br />
- situational context, yaitu pengetahuan penutur yang dilandasi oleh segala sesuatu yang mereka lihat di sekitarnya. Dengan kata lain, keadaan situasi fisik secara visual mengenai tempat interaksi antara penutur dan petutur terjadi.<br />
- background knowledge context, yaitu pengetahuan penutur tentang interlocutor dan juga tentang dunia. Context pengetahuan dasar ini terdiri atas pengetahuan budaya dan pengetahuan interpersonal. jika interlokutor berasal dari kelompok yang sama, mereka akan mengasumsikan pengetahuan yang sama secara normal tentang segala sesuatu yang mereka ketahui. Untuk berbagi konteks pengetahuan interpersonal dibutuhkan interaksi verbal atau pengalaman sebelumnya.<br />
- co-textual context atau yang biasa dikenal dengan cotext, yaitu pengetahuan penutur tentang apa yang telah dituturkannya.<br />
<br />
Selain itu Saragih (2006) juga mengklasifikasikan context mejadi dua golongan, yaitu:<br />
- Internal discourse context (cotext), dalam hal ini context linguistic atau context bahasa itu sendiri. Context ini mengacu pada unit linguistic lain yang mendampingi satu unit yang sedang dibicarakan. Context ini berada di dalam dan merupakan bagian dari text yang dibicarakan.<br />
- External discourse context (social context), yaitu context yang mengacu pada sesuatu di luar yang tertulis atau terucap, yang mendampingi bahasa atau teks dalam peristiwa pemakaian bahasa atau interaksi social. Konteks ini terdiri atas tiga kategori, yaitu: situational context, cultural context dan ideological context. <br />
<br />
<br />
Daftar Pustaka<br />
Carter, R. 1993. Introducing applied linguistics. Harlow: Penguin.<br />
Renkema, J. 2004. Introduction to discourse studies. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.<br />
Crystal, D. 1992. Introducing linguistics. Harlow: Penguin.will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-84524201626398752392011-07-27T01:01:00.000-07:002011-07-27T01:01:45.436-07:00game onet/pokemon<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgps3ry91BPtyavZe41RRcMmIH3C7oM3qkFhUZKzL8ids6mir5AIop4my4UnnD3EBK6Gq3WOerOeerPRZCCVjGcfeL2xFZZZ5tiuXxhDx2r32U1L2fYMUYNRRPeq2zerSCU_GIGFglFI6Xl/s1600/onet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="246" width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgps3ry91BPtyavZe41RRcMmIH3C7oM3qkFhUZKzL8ids6mir5AIop4my4UnnD3EBK6Gq3WOerOeerPRZCCVjGcfeL2xFZZZ5tiuXxhDx2r32U1L2fYMUYNRRPeq2zerSCU_GIGFglFI6Xl/s320/onet.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<br />
game onet a/ yg biasa di kenal dengn nama game pokemon ini adalah salah satu game yang lucu n' cukup menghibur di saat2 waktu free... nah biasanya game ini di mainkan di windows XP n' tidak bisa di mainkan di windows 7. sayangkan para pengguna windows 7....<br />
nah disini saya coba menggunakan trik lain agar para pengguna windows 7 juga bisa memainkannya....<br />
<br />
carax: download filenya <a href="http://download1419.mediafire.com/7r752osl8wrg/gfo38t2nxaeno47/onet+win+7.rar">disini</a><br />
<br />
Ekstak file MSVBVM50.rar, lalu copy file: MSVBVM50.dll dan paste di C:\Windows\System32 Sekarang, coba mainkan gamenya...<br />
<br />
jangan lupa comentarnya ya....will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-88746459725137786752011-06-20T09:42:00.001-07:002011-06-20T09:42:40.409-07:00TEFL<span xmlns=''><div><table border='0' style='border-collapse:collapse'><colgroup><col style='width:160px'/><col style='width:160px'/><col style='width:160px'/><col style='width:160px'/></colgroup><tbody valign='top'><tr><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Method `</p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p style='text-align: center'>Background</p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p style='text-align: center'>Main characteristic</p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p style='text-align: center'>adv</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>TM</p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>It was called classical method, earlier in this century this method was used to helping students rend and appreciate foreign language literature.<br /></p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Student are taught to translate from one language to another.</p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Be able to read literature written in the target language.</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>AL method</p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Developed in the U.S during war world II people was need to learn foreign language rapidly for military purposes. </p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>New vocabulary and structures are presented through dialogs. The dialogs are learned through imitation and repetition.<br /></p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'> </td></tr><tr><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Competency based approach </p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>This method was developed primarily for industry. Based on what people were expected to do in work place. Retugee, programs and adult literacy plug. <br /></p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Basic survival skills such as answering personal information question, use public transportation, obtain food and shelter. </p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'> </td></tr><tr><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Natural approach </p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Appeared in book published 1983 theoretial section on second language skill acquisition and section on implementation and classroom procedures .<br /></p><p> </p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Conform to the naturalistic principles found in successful second language acquisition skill.</p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'> </td></tr><tr><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Communicative approach.</p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>When the preparation for communication not will be inadequate enough.<br /></p><p> </p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Student use language a great deal through communicative activities such as game, role-plays and problem-solving task.<br /></p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'> </td></tr><tr><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Silent way</p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Since people can create expression that they have never heard before, they therefore cannot learn a language simply by repeating what they hear spoken around there.<br /></p><p> </p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Study of the language through its basic building blocks, its sound. </p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'> </td></tr><tr><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Sugestopedia </p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>To help student eliminate the feeling that they can't be successful and to help them overcome the barriers to learning <br /></p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Conducted in a classroom in which student are as comfortable as possible.</p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'> </td></tr><tr><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>TPR</p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>From observing how children acquire their method tongue (listening comprehension).<br /></p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Modeling commands to a few student, then performs the action with them.</p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'> </td></tr><tr><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Direct method</p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p><span style='color:black'>that a foreign language could be taught without translation or the use of the learner's native tongue if meaning was conveyed directly through demonstration and<strong><br /> </strong>action.</span></p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'><p>Student need to associate meaning and the target language directly.</p></td><td style='padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt'> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></span>will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-65985016755382256482011-06-06T09:06:00.000-07:002011-06-06T09:11:33.829-07:00upload gambar format gif pada blogsaat pertama saya pengen upload gambar yang berformat GIF pada blog saya, trasa aneh soalnya saat selesai upload gambarnya malah gak bergerak sama skali... sayang kan udah ngedit gambarnya bagus2 malah gak bisa di upload...<br />
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and than..setelah keliling2 ke dunia maya akhirx bisa juga dapat caranya.... gampang and tidak sulit....<br />
cara nya GINI...<br />
<br />
1. daftar dulu ke photobucket! clik <a href="http://photobucket.com/register/step1/index">DAFTAR</a><br />
nah itu yg nanti digunakan untuk mengupload gambar gif anda ntinya... <br />
2. setelah daftar n' login, akan mucul gambar seperti di bawah ini...<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfMVthVcC10Sg5AqzV6ge53C6Nr9mJLFTTnBIgunuTgK_djagh9-WIZybah8I4Ucr8imD1C1QlDUn3B2RJRgU63ZVhpc0dyxKcdnUg5Ur0H84vreC-p1P0lfEkddkfnyOM8O9lsCXYNRRs/s1600/g+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="174" width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfMVthVcC10Sg5AqzV6ge53C6Nr9mJLFTTnBIgunuTgK_djagh9-WIZybah8I4Ucr8imD1C1QlDUn3B2RJRgU63ZVhpc0dyxKcdnUg5Ur0H84vreC-p1P0lfEkddkfnyOM8O9lsCXYNRRs/s320/g+01.jpg" /></a></div><br />
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3. setelah itu tinggal anda upload gambar yg anda inginkan...<br />
dan tunggu sampai proses upload selesai....<br />
4. setelah selesai proses uploadnya... akan muncul gambar seperti ini...<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSmsC1CO0DmEuvz_NYa72mAIoue7KKQy7imUTkKquBOjMyM4Pan00OvZaP6ySPVhTaNPFkiSBvHrNrIKzMfesNnp7TR58qaJMPUpGigGSZY09cbNRzjgdWZK_8TRO6_-gIa-7lNjgef3Yj/s1600/g+02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="206" width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSmsC1CO0DmEuvz_NYa72mAIoue7KKQy7imUTkKquBOjMyM4Pan00OvZaP6ySPVhTaNPFkiSBvHrNrIKzMfesNnp7TR58qaJMPUpGigGSZY09cbNRzjgdWZK_8TRO6_-gIa-7lNjgef3Yj/s320/g+02.jpg" /></a></div><br />
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<b>NB</b><br />
1. Email dan YM : untuk memunculkan animasi gambar yang kita upload saat kita<br />
sedang cheat atau sedang menulis email<br />
2. Direct Link : gunakan kode ini bila kita ingin memasang gambar berformat "gif" <br />
di blog, bisa di postingan dan juga bisa di taruh sebagi widget<br />
3. HTML Code : hampir sama dengan nomor 2. coba saja untuk variasi sedikit scrint<br />
4. Image Code : Kode dasar gambar<br />
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nah klo ada kesulitan a/ tambahan tinggal d post k commentx ajah yachhh... sapa tau kita bisa saling berbagi ilmu..will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-67622890423488092312011-05-27T11:14:00.001-07:002011-05-27T11:14:03.951-07:00Satu modem untuk semua laptop (XP)<span xmlns=''><p style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>Sebelum mulai, ada beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan, yaitu, untuk komputer atau perangkat lain yang menjadi client harus mempunyai koneksi WIFI di dalamnya, dan jumlah client itu sendiri akan mempengaruhi kecepatan koneksi (makin banyak client-nya berarti makin lambat koneksinya)<a href='http://ariawijaya.com/'><span style='color:blue'>.</span></a> Sharing koneksi melalui WIFI ini tidak terlalu stabil dibandingkan dengan sharing dengan kabel jaringan.<br /></span></p><p style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>Oke, langsung sajaLangkah pertama yaitu <br /></span></p><p style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>melakukan seting pada komputer induk. Untuk bagian pertama ini kita masuk ke <br /></span></p><ol><li><div style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>Network Connections, klik kanan pada koneksi wireless (WIFI) dan pilih Properties.<br /></span></div></li></ol><p style='text-align: center'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'><br /> </span></p><ol><li><div style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>masuk ke tab menu Wireless Networks, dan buat koneksi baru dengan memilih Add.<br /></span></div></li></ol><p style='text-align: center'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'><br /> </span></p><ol><li><div style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>Isi Network name (SSID) sesuai dengan keinginan, <br /></span></div></li><li><div style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>Hilangkan tanda centang pada The key is provided for me automatically. <br /></span></div></li><li><div style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>Isi Network key dengan angka atau huruf sebanyak 5 karakter, ulangi kode tersebut pada Confirm network key<a href='http://ariawijaya.com/'><span style='color:blue; text-decoration:underline'>.</span></a><br /> </span></div></li><li><div style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>Berikan tanda centang pada This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network, wireless access point are not used. <br /></span></div></li></ol><p style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>Jika sudah maka pada tab menu Wireless Network bagian Preferred networks akan bertambah satu network baru sesuai dengan yang baru saja kita buat di atas.<br /></span></p><p style='text-align: center'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'><br /> </span></p><p style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>Langkah berikutnya <br /></span></p><ol><li><div style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>masuk ke tab menu General dan pilih item Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), dilanjutkan dengan memilih Properties. Isi kolom IP address dengan 192.168.0.1 dan Subnet mask 255.255.255.0<a href='http://ariawijaya.com/'><span style='color:blue; text-decoration:underline'>.</span></a> Jika sudah simpan dengan memilih Ok.<br /></span></div></li></ol><p style='text-align: center'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'><br /> </span></p><ol><li><div style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>Kembali ke Network Connections, kali ini kita pilih sumber koneksi yang kita gunakan (MODEM KITA)<span style='color:blue; text-decoration:underline'>,</span><br /> </span></div></li><li><div style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>Klik kanan pada koneksi tersebut dan pilih Properties.<br /></span></div></li></ol><p style='text-align: center'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'><br /> </span></p><ol><li><div style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>Masuk ke tab menu Advanced, kemudian beri tanda centang pada Allow other network users to connect trough this computer's internet connections<a href='http://ariawijaya.com/'><span style='color:blue; text-decoration:underline'>.</span></a><br /> </span></div></li><li><div><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>Sedangkan untuk Home networking connections, kita pilih koneksi wireless yang telah kita setup di atas.<br /></span></div><p><br /> </p></li><li><div style='text-align: center'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'><br /> </span></div></li></ol><p style='text-align: justify'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'>Sampai di sini proses setup komputer induk selesai, untuk memulai sharing koneksi, kita aktifkan dulu koneksi internet kita sesuai dengan sumber koneksi yang kita gunakan<a href='http://ariawijaya.com/'><span style='color:blue; text-decoration:underline'>,</span></a> kemudian pada panel Wireless Network Connections, kita pilih koneksi yang telah kita buat di atas dan pilih Connect.<br /></span></p><p style='text-align: center'><span style='font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt'><br /> </span></p><p>Selesaiiii………….. selamat mencoba!!!!<br /></p><p>Sumber diambil dari http://ariawijaya.com</p></span>will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3309813326713614425.post-34267231768778330282011-05-27T10:49:00.001-07:002011-05-27T10:49:41.451-07:00Satu modem untuk semua laptop<span xmlns=''><p>Laptop kamu pke windows 7?.... nah disini gw bakal bagi2 ide k kamu… <br /></p><p>Nah tanpa banyak basa basi… sekarang udah ada trik yang bisa merubah laptop kamu menjadi media wifi..<br /></p><p>Jadi istilahnya… waktu kamu lagi asik2 online dengn modem pribadi kamu….<br /></p><p>Kamu jg bisa ngajak teman2 kamu untuk onlie bersama dengan kamu…<br /></p><p>(Lochhh mankx bisa? Trus jaringannya dari mana untuk bisa online bersama?)<br /></p><p>Gak susah kok, n kamu jg ga perlu ngirim sms ke mana mana… hehehehehehe….<br /></p><p>Jaringan yg nti di gunakan itu, nti di ambil dari modemnya kamu itu sendiri… masa maen unlimited tapi maennya sendiri2?<br /></p><p>Kasian dunk teman2 kamu… Cuma bisa menatap….karena ga ada modem.hehehehehehehe<br /></p><p>Jadi caranya gini…<br /></p><p>Kamu download dulu aplikasinya di…<br /></p><p><a href='http://www.connectify.me/index.html'>http://www.connectify.me/index.html</a><br /> </p><p>n' setelah itu kamu install and jalankan programnya….<br /></p><ol><li>Buka connectify dari icon yang ada.<br /></li><li> Isikan nama WiFi network and password access, kemudian tentukan jenis koneksi yang ingin anda gunakan untuk berbagi (support LAN, VirtualBox Host Only, Wireless Network, serta tanpa internet sharing). Setelah itu klik start hotspot.<br /></li><li>Setelah itu program tersebut akan bekerja dan silahkan mengkoneksikan komputer / laptop lainnya ke laptop kamu.<br /></li></ol><p>Sekedar mengingtkan kembali… PROGRAM INI CUMA HANYA AKAN BERJALAN PADA WINDOWS 7. Tapi untuk saat connect nya… XP juga bisa ikutan gabung kok….hehehehehehe… selamat mencoba…<br /></p></span>will i'amhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09221848872414280328noreply@blogger.com0